New Step by Step Roadmap for Essay Samples Intermediate

New Step by Step Roadmap for Essay Samples Intermediate Within this section you will locate samples of essays belonging to different essay types and manners of formatting. Enlarge your wordlist, if you don't need the examiners to truly feel bored on account of the restricted vocabulary. Such last-minute searching never becomes futile, which results in unfinished essay assignments and leads to a poor grade. Thus selecting an expert for doing your essays could be the most suitable choice. The editor's experience was instrumental in receiving the ideal service. Kibin editors are almost always prepared to provide help. There aren't any dates of publication in every one of the references. There's no ideal solution about how to compose an effective essay. Treatment and solutions for the patients that are experiencing the infection of Zika Virus in Tropical Countries There's no such treatment in the shape of vaccination that's invented by medical researchers up to now. Evaluate different methods you might have used Ask the on-line dissertation help providers to assist you with the approaches you have to have in your dissertation. Each and every detail of a particular subject plays an important part in developing a visual representation for such. After creating some work samples, you will also will need to set up your on-line portfolio. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the right style. Most samples are at no charge. You cannot write a great essay whenever you are in a rush or thinking about several other things you need to do. Actually, the only place it is possible to start, is where you're at this time. There's no need to appear elsewhere! There's a high need to take the initiatives which can be beneficial to the decrease in the Zika virus and its spread over different places. The 30-Second Trick for Essay Samples Intermediate There's quite a few essays completed by them. Eventually, you're able to easily predict your earnings and other kinds of logistics. Therefore, it's wise to feature only your finest projects. The virus completes its cycle during the intermediate host that's Monkey besides the key host that's a mosquito. Facts, Fiction and Essay Samples Intermediate The price generally changes depending on the essay type. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you have to clearly show your analytical skills. The simplest approach to decide on the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. Although, you must know there are some rules, for instance, the structure of the essay. The main aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to show the idea can be put into place in practice. Following that, you have to analyze how any of them are going to be relevant for the topic you've chosen and mention in your methodology why you're choosing not to include different points. ESL Essay is an essay that's written by means of a person whose mother tongue isn't English. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing.

Night And Unbroken Theme Analysis - 807 Words

For such a small word, â€Å"Family,† can mean so much. In a dictionary one may read family as people with common ancestors, but a true family is people who stick together and support one another at any cost. Both books, Night by Elie Wiesel, and, Unbroken, by Laura Hillenbrand display the theme of family relationships throughout the story. First, the theme family is portrayed by staying with family until extenuating circumstances make it impossible to be together. In Night, a quote that illustrates sticking together is, â€Å"If you wish, go there. I shall stay here with your mother and the little one†¦Naturally, we refused to be separated.† (pg 171) In this example, rather than going to a safe shelter with his former maid, Eliezer put himself in†¦show more content†¦In Unbroken, a strong quote that demonstrates this theme is, â€Å"[Pete] told the principle that Louie craved attention but had never won it in the form of praise, so he sought it in the fo rm of punishment. If Louie were recognized for doing something right, Pete argued, he’d turn his life around.† This quote supports the theme strongly because of all the bad situations Louie got himself into, Pete still always had unconditional support and faith in him, and in this scenario believed he was just a little lost and misguided. Constant belief and support is one reason why family is so important, so someone always has a person they can count on to help them when they need it, whether they know it or not. The last way family is shown in both the books Night and Unbroken is through teamwork. In Night, both Eliezer and his father protected one another. An example of this is a quote on page 89. Eliezer’s father states, â€Å"Don’t worry son. Go to sleep. I’ll watch over you,† and then Eliezer responds, â€Å"You first, Father. Sleep,† This quote shows how both Eliezer and his father had each others back, and worked together, for one another to ensure each other had the life they deserved. An example of teamwork in the book unbroken is in a passage from page 98-99, â€Å"Louie shouted to the cockpit for help. Phil yelled back that he was losing control of the plane and needed Cuppernell. Louie said that this was a dire emergency.Show MoreRelatedPerseverance Analysis. Many People Suffer Problemsin The1228 Words   |  5 PagesPerseverance Analysis Many people suffer problems in the world today. This includes terrorism and tyranny. It includes kidnapping and hate crime. It can also be cancer and starvation. Many have lived through problems like these and told the tale because they persevered. Through Hillenbrand’s Unbroken, Wiesel’s Night, and Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, perseverance is emphasized the readers by writing about characters, whether they are survivors of the Holocaust, a prisoner of war, or familyRead MoreThe Use of Symbolism in The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck1052 Words   |  5 Pagesjust to survive. The Grapes of Wrath opens with a terrible description of nature gone bad. It shows men and women that are unbroken by nature. I think the theme is one of man verses a hostile and cruel environment. Kind of like his body being destroyed, but his spirit hasnt been broken. In my obviously laymens opinion, I think the method Steinbeck used to develop the theme of the novel was through the use of symbolism. To illustrate my opinion, take a look at the several uses of symbols in theRead MoreThe Poetry Of John Keats2017 Words   |  9 PagesIn the poems When I Have Fears that I May Cease to Be and Bright Star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art, poet John Keats portrays a theme of romanticism through poetry. John Keats lived in London, England with his four siblings, his mother and father died when he was young. He was in the romanticism movement. He loved to write poems about romance and death. The two poems that i am writing about is When I Have Fears that I May Cease to Be And Bright Star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art . PoemRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe Essay2246 Words   |  9 Pagestown’s folk ultimately shunned them for it. His marriage can be seen throughout this poem, there is references that draw me to conclude that he is in fact was upset over the feelings the town’s people have towards his marriage. Incest can be seen as a theme throughout this poem because of his references to Lenore, he wants to set free the pure Lenore. Which in his world Lenore represents Virginia his wife. â€Å"It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore – Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whomRead MoreEssay on the Works of George Mackay Brown1801 Words   |  8 Pagesconditions, life still carries on as normal. Take Kirstie and Amos; they continue their daily petty arguments whilst the world as they know it around them is slowly dying – Kirstie and Amos raged at each other so much that there wasnt a bowl or dish unbroken in the cupboard. Conversely, there are positive relationships between characters. Take Shell Story where all the old women of the village are supporting each other whilst feeding the seagulls. They see the gulls as reincarnations of their lovedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2312 Words   |  10 Pagesdream is very facilely realized, to a certain extent, by virtue of his immense zeal and idealism. As described by Nick in the novel, Gatsby has an extraordinary gift for hope, which has never been found in any other person: â€Å"If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away.† (P.8). Read MoreCarol Ann Duffy2780 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis by theme – Carol Ann Duffy CHILDHOOD Notes from â€Å"Originally† Repeatedly returns to the metaphor of childhood as a â€Å"country† – echoes of L.P. Hartley’s â€Å"The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there. Notion of past being intimately associated with place, and that adulthood is a journey away from it. â€Å"All childhood is an emigration.†/ â€Å"I want our own country†. Fear of being in an alien place as a child reflected in the alienation of adult life. â€Å"I lost a riverRead MoreAnalysis the Use of Stream of Consciousness in Mrs Dalloway8784 Words   |  36 PagesAnalysis the use of stream of consciousness in Mrs Dalloway BY Qian Jiajia Prof. Zhang Li, Tutor A Thesis Submitted to Department of English Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of B.A in English At Hebei Normal University May 8th , 2009 Abstract As one of the representative writers of novels of stream of consciousness, Virginia Woolf has made important contributions to the development of the technique of stream of consciousnessRead MoreDavid Copperfield9349 Words   |  38 PagesDavid Copperfield by Charles Dickens†¦. Analysis by: Shrook Essam El-Din Table of Contents: a- Abstract . b- Charles Dickens life . c- Similarity between Charles childhood and David Copperfield . d- Autobiographical Elements of David Copperfield . e- Plot summary . f- Major themes . g- List of references . a- Abstract : David Copperfield captured the hearts and imagination of generations of readers since the day of its publication. Charles Dickens chose the mainRead MoreEveryday Nightmare: the Rhetoric of Social Horror in the Nightmare on Elm Street Series6614 Words   |  27 Pagesfrequently analyzed from Freudian psychological perspectives and characterized as allegories of the psychological dynamic underlying the return of the repressed. Although the return of the repressed, especially repressed sexuality, is clearly the major theme in many stalker movies, this approach does not completely explain movies like A Nightmare on Elm Street, in which sexual repression is not a major conflict. Instead, the position offered here is that the Nightmare series is ultimately centered in a

Marketing strategies Alibaba Group

Question: Discuss about the Marketing strategi and Online Payment Alibaba Group. Answer: Alibaba Group (Alibaba) was founded on the belief that the advent of the Internet and related technology would be central in enabling small businesses to leverage technology and innovation to become competitive in both local and international markets. Jack Ma, a leader of a group of 18 people, founded the firm 1999. Jack Ma is a former English teacher from Hangzhou in China (Lane et al., 2014). The company mission is to make it easy to do business anywhere the companys strategic development is to connect small exporters, entrepreneurs and manufacturers in China to trade their products to local and international marketplace comfortably and faster (Alibaba Group, n.d.-a, para. 1). Alibaba also operates cloud computing, mobile, and online marketplaces in wholesale and retail with the main aim is to earn profit from online marketing services provided. Osawa, (2014) argues that today, the Group is successful more than Amazon and eBay combined in terms of business transaction, and profit gained. The company was started in 1999, but the first profit was realized two years later in 2001. Its strategic development has been a success because in 2003 Taobao was revealed offering direct competition to eBay. In the year 2004, Alipay was introduced in the market, and this enabled clients to receive products requested before the release of payment to sellers (Lane et al., 2014). In 2005, Alibaba entered into a partnership, and this helped it acquire China Yahoo. In 2007, Alibaba Group introduced its share to Hongkong Stock Exchange followed by the launch of the Tmall portal in 2008, but this was only available for business between customers. Two years later in 2010, the company established its RD and came up with an eTao search engine. The portals have been successful since they were introduced and they have handled $170 billion worth of sal es. The group also has a mobile operating system designed by their cloud computing team (Shiying Avery, 2009). Environmental Analysis To Solomon, (2014) six segments can affect the Alibaba capability. The environmental analysis focuses on economic, technology and global segments. In the economic Segment, both Small and medium companies contribute substantially to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. These include employment and trading activities in China. Alibaba makes it possible for the business to reach target consumers across borders effectively. In the global segment, companies now seek products and services from any corner of the world with the help of internet connectivity and online security. For example, using Tmall.com business people from North America use the avenue to sell agricultural products to Chinese consumers (Rogers, 2014). However, the group face a threat from sales of counterfeit good by SMEs operating in the platform (Wall Street Journal, 2014). On the technological Segment, the pace and the direction of technological developments determine the Business models used. The availability of Internet connections, smartphones, and security makes online shopping reliable and possible. For instance, consumers and vendors use online money transfer medium such as PayPal to transact business across countries (Costill, 2013). Besides, there is the low threat of new entrants because of the strong existence of significant entry barriers such due to extensive capital required and high switching costs for buyers. A massive network of business operating through the platform occasions this. Further, there is a high cost of exiting because investors wishing to enter the business require injecting huge capital to be competitive and also encroach on market share from dominant firms like eBay, Alibaba, Amazon (Solomon, 2014). Development of Strategy The section explores the development of a strategy at business, corporate and functional level. According to Lane, (2014) at the firm level, Alibaba uses Cost Leadership to gain a competitive edge through large scales. Economies of scale when employed by the company enable expansion of market opportunities and satisfaction of market demands. Besides, those trading under their platform have access to cost-effective opportunities to reach consumers. At the corporate level, Alibaba group has adopted moderate to high-level strategic moves with the aim of attracting buyers and sellers by creating diverse marketplaces such as Tmall.com, Taobao Marketplace, and Juahuasuan.com. The aim is to reach consumers with a variety of needs and wants. AliExpress is an ideal avenue for foreign buyers and sellers. The diversity is also exemplified by logistics information platforms, cloud computing, mobile applications and online payment solutions. At the functional level, the group seeks to improve the local and transnational commerce opportunities. The building of alliances with other tech firms leads to growth of its brand to gain competitive advantage and capture emerging market opportunities. Competitive Advantage and Sustainability The group has a competitive advantage, and this means its dominance in the domestic E-commerce industry will continue unabated because it has diversified its businesses and its high market power (Huang et al., 2015). However, its sustainability is under threat because the market is rapidly shifting to mobile phone platforms. Alibaba group has shifted emphasis into the smartphone market to capture estimated 600 million users that have embraced smartphone and remain competitive. Thus, the company sustainability is possible due to their ability to embrace the emerging technology to drive the competition further (Qing, 2008). Mergers and Acquisition Impacts, International Strategy and Alliances In 2005, the company the Group formed strategic partnerships and eventually merged with a China-based subsidiary Yahoo! The company has also made other alliances and acquisition of shares from companies like Lazada, Youku Tudou, Momo, and others. The impact of this includes expanding enterprise diversity in the market, financial gains, and increased sustainability. According to Solomon, (2014), the group has a host of International level strategies aimed at penetrating international markets like U.S. the short-term objective is to meet the needs and wants of the Chinese market. Besides, Alibaba groups have long terms goals such as developing cross-border opportunities. The company has introduced AliExpress at the beginning of this decade 2010 to target global clients. In 2014, the group ventured into the U.S. market by investing heavily in e-commerce and mobile phone platforms in a bid to sustain its competitiveness in the global market (Liu, 2016). Strategic Implementation, Leadership, and Entrepreneurship Each company has a strategic implementation that Alibaba can achieve by clearly defining the strategic focus. In the process of establishing e-business chain, the group should consider the development strategy in business. In Business-to-business, its focus should be on expanding the scale of business and optimizing its structure. In Business-to-consumer chain, the focus should direct to extending the scope in a bid to enhance profitability. Further, the company strategic implementation has been directed to opening a new market in other countries and forming global alliances and penetrating into the stock exchange. One of the key reasons why companies are successful is because of the right leadership at to levels. The importance of leadership in the enterprise is due to increased competition between companies and among employers and attainment of strategic goals. Leadership is necessary for Alibaba groups because it helps catalyze value creation, identification, and the creation of n ew markets and implementation of ideas. Organizational Structure, Controls, and Corporate Governance The firms structure is dominated by the existence of two entities. One is located in China while the other one is located in the United States of America. The China-based company holds the requisite licenses and permits as required by China authority. In the second entity, foreigners are allowed to acquire and offload shares (Liu, 2016). Therefore, the company control rests on company's top executives in China, and thus the foreign company executives have no votes on issues concerning the organization. Qing, (2008) explains that the firms corporate governance structure can be understood by analyzing the activities relating to decision making are arrived at. Alibaba group voting power is concentrated on a small number people or insiders who are well connected to management. The stakeholders, on the other hand, have no control of who becomes the director or not. However, only a handful group of outsiders specifically leaders who have influence at the boardroom level. There are weak che cks and balances and therefore no stronger internal controls. Conclusion Jack Ma and a host of other people founded Alibaba group in 1999 in China. Since its inception, the company has become one of the dominant companies in online and mobile marketplaces in China, and the rest of the world that has made it easy to penetrate into a foreign market like U.S. Its strategy has enabled us to connect manufacturers, small business enterprises and consumers in a single transform. The company has adopted cost focus leadership to become competitive in the market, diversification of online services, alliances, and acquisition of China Yahoo. References Alibaba Group. (n.d.-a). Company Overview. Retrieved from https://www.alibabagroup.com/en/about/overview Costill, A. (2013). The 10 Most Popular Online Payment Solutions. Retrieved from Search EngineJournal https://www.searchenginejournal.com/10-popular-online-payment solutions/80025/ Liu, J. (2016).Chinese Mergers and Acquisitions: Performance and Factors(Doctoral dissertation, Durham University). Osawa, J. (2014). Alibaba Tackles Amazon, eBay on Home Turf.Wall Street Journal,11. Palepu, K., Srinivasan, S., Wang, C. C., Lane, D. (2014). Alibaba Goes Public (A). Rogers, K. (2014). As Alibaba soars in debut, Jack Ma acknowledges the little guy. Retrieved fromCNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/id/102001579# Shiying, L., Avery, M. (2009).Alibaba: the inside story behind Jack Ma and the creation of the world's biggest online marketplace. Harper Collins. Solomon, B. (2014). Potential Apple Partnership Drives Alibaba To New $100 High. Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/briansolomon/2014/10/28/potential-applepartnership-drives-alibaba-to-new-100-high/ Qing, H. (2008). A model for value-added e-market provisioning: Case Study from Alibaba. com. InFuture Generation Communication and Networking Symposia, 2008. FGCNS'08. Second International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 47-52). IEEE. Tan, B., Pan, S. L., Lu, X., Huang, L. (2015). The role of is capabilities in the development of multi-sided platforms: The digital ecosystem strategy of Alibaba. Com.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,16(4), 248 Wall Street Journal. (2014, August 14). Suit on Alibaba Opens Window on Counterfeiting. RetrievedNovember 9, 2014, from www.wsj.com: https://online.wsj.com/articles/suit-against-alibaba-openswindow-on-counterfeiting-allegations-1407714242

Popular Music free essay sample

Popular music, or pop music, means Clumsy of the populace. The term embraces all kinds of folk music which, originally made by illiterate people, were not written down. The creation of a popular music that aims simply at entertaining large numbers of people is a product of industrialization, in which music became a commodity to be bought and sold. It Is In the rapid Industrialized nations, notably Britain and USA, that we first encounter composers who have devoted themselves to fulfilling a demand for popular, entertainment music. Foster Stephen Foster (Born Lawrenceville in 1826; died in New York in 1864)Foster was an American composer, mainly self-taught In music. He wrote over 200 songs, several of which have come to be regarded almost as American folk-songs. Though a Northerner, several of his songs capture the Southern plantation spirit in an authentic and eloquent manner. His songs are considered as Distaste, through nostalgia. All of Fosters songs yearn for the Good old days, but their yearning is not innocent, as real folk music Is. We will write a custom essay sample on Popular Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Souse John Philip Souse (Born in Washington DC in 1854; died in Reading, Pennsylvania in 1932) Souse was an American composer and bandmaster.As a youth he played the violin n an orchestra. He conducted the US Marine Corps band in 1880-92. He formed his own military band In 1892, which became very popular and toured Europe four times between 1900 and 1905, and toured the world In 1910-11. Unfortunately it was plectra of the 1931 Depression. Souse was best known for his superb marches, of which he composed nearly 100. His music is also considered Distaste, by means of hedonism. Catchall Louis More Catchall (Born In New Orleans In 1829; died In Brazil In 1969) Catchall was an American pianist, conductor and composer.He went to Paris to study in 1842. His pianoforte debut was in 1844 was praised by Chopin. On return to the USA he toured widely, playing and conducting his own sentimental and naive music for unsophisticated audiences who enjoyed his virtuoso panache and his arrangements of national allures. He wrote two operas, two symphonies and many Blues and Ragtime Though Jazz is a twentieth century phenomenon, mainly associated with cities, its origins were in Africa. The black mans music, transmuted into the white mans world.In his new, white American world, the black man, enslaved, inevitably used the musical techniques he had been reared on. As an outcast, he no longer sings a tribal song but calls on ancient vocal formulas of the pentatonic scale and a tumbling descent from a high note, and on traditional techniques of vocal production modified because he sings in the American, rather than in African language. Inevitably it came into contact with the musical manifestations of the New World, especially the march and hymn. The hymn followed a pattern of tonic, dominant and subdivision harmony, while the march provided a four-square beat.When the American black, responding to these types of music, took over the white mans guitar, he blues was born, and with it the heart of Jazz. Blues There was no decisive break between the folk holler and the blues. Pete Williams, a black man in the Southern prison, uses the guitar to accompany himself in what he calls Prisoners talking blues and Levee camp blues, but these are still hollers in which speed is heightened, with the guitar providing a repeated figure. The words of vocal blues often concern the agony of desertion, betrayal and unrequited love and sexual references are frequent.Blues Form, as it evolved, tends to fall into a pattern, as shown: Bars 1 23456789 10 11 12 Chords vlvl- But the form is not static. It provided a harmonic framework against which the black singer could interpret his words or the instrumentalist could improvise. Thus black melody and white harmony interact. Ragtime Ragtime is an early type of Jazz particularly for solo piano and composition rather than improvised. The famous exponent and composer of it was Scott Joplin popular from 1895-1920 when other forms of Jazz took over.Scott Joplin Scott Joplin was born in 1897 died in 1917. He was known as the king of Ragtime. He took his musical convention from white military two-step. But Joplin music, both in the Maple Leaf Rag in 1899 that made him famous and in more harmonically sophisticated pieces like Euphonium Sounds in (1909), has an improvised feel mostly because the rhythms are Dragged in being syncopated. In the music of the notable rag composers, for example James Scott and Bobbie Blake and as well as Joplin, the music has pathos but not sentimentality.Blues and Jazz meet in the evolution of piano Jazz. When blacks came across broken down pianos they treated them as mechanized guitars. Barbershops pianists came to make basic, usually very fast use of the harmonies of the 12-bars blues and to seek monastic substitutes for the guitars expressiveness by way of crunched tones, slides and displaced accents. The pianist exploited the power of a percussive keyboard, creating momentum with a pounding left hand usually in patterns of repeated tones or unequal rhythms the came to be known as boogie basses.Gradually, barbershops pianist exploited complexities of texture as well as to exploit rhythmic force. Leroy Carr, as a singer and pianist, shows how white art may lead elegance to black passion, as the reimbursements of the barbershops piano came to term with the artificialness of rag. James P. Johnson trained in both barbershops IANA and ragtime traditions and distinguished for his command of an irresistibly striding bass and for the delicate precision of the right-hand figuration.Blues Singing Fusion of blues and rag exemplified in Johnnys playing is crucial to the evolution of jazz, especially during the sass. The most revered singers were women. The earliest of the great women blues singers, Gertrude Rained nickname Ma. Her vocal timbre often had a liturgical flavor. She found no barriers between country blues gospel and minstrel show music. Bessie Smith Bessie Smith (1894-1937), the most famous blues singer of the sass was known as he Empress of Blues. Like all the finest Jazz her music sprang from tension: between country and town, black and white, art and entertainment.Like other women blues singers, Smith usually performed in dialogue with a melody instrument, which both intensified and depredations the vocal line. She gave superb versions of folk blues like Escaroles Love and Reckless Love with Louis Armstrong playing a cornet obbligato and of her own Young women blues and Poor man blues with the cornet of Joe Smith her favorite collaborator. Jazz Since women blues singers worked with Jazz players and used conventions from both jazz and minstrel show, their work had many features in common with the music of the early Jazz band.This began in New Orleans where, as we have seen, a lively black population mingled with a cosmopolitan society of white Americans, Frenchman, Spaniards, Italians and German. From these cross -fertilization the New Orleans Jazz band became established with instruments from the white military band. The cornet (later trumpet), clarinet and trombone were the main melody instruments. A tuba (later string bass) provided the bottom line, reinforced by drums and other percussion instruments. The banjo substituted for the guitar as harmonic fill-in.Later when bands no longer marched the piano became the main harmony instrument, combined with plucked strings. The music of the New Orleans band compromises tension between the trumping military beat and the symmetries of white harmony on one hand and on the other the black solo lines which, with their African flexibility of pitch and rhythm, try to override the basic form. The supreme New Orleans soloists- Louis Armstrong, cornet and trumpet, Johnny Odds, clarinet and Sidney Becket (soprano saxophone) attain a levitating ecstasy with their soaring improvised melodies.They also affirm their humanity in imbuing their instruments with the expressiveness of the voice. Louis Armstrong The voice and instrument speak, the body move: so the heart of music is in the spoken and unspoken word and in physical movement. What is remarkable about New Orleans Jazz is that this word -body relationship flourished within the context of westernizes commercial music. We can hear this in the supreme achievements of band Jazz, the recordings made by Louis Armstrong with his Hot Five and Hot Seven in 1926-8, Tight Like This.Tragedy is overt in Armstrong famous unaccompanied solo opening to West End blues. The consummation of New Orleans Chicago Jazz involves a marriage between black folk melody and the harmony of white art music is revealed in Armstrongs recording of King Olivers Weather Bird which he presents simply as a duet with Earl Hines. Armstrong and Hines have proceeded from the folk heterodyne of early Jazz to a true improvised polyphony. These tracks were recorded in 1928, Just before Armstrong left Chicago for New York, later to embark on a career as a sh ow-business entertainer as well as a Jazzmen. Jelly Roll Morton, a light-skinned New Orleans black, produced, between 1926-1930, a series of according with his Red Hot Peppers. He composed most of the numbers in the convention of the Souse march and trio and even wrote down 12-bar blues with precise indication of harmony and figuration. The music involved Jazz improvisation, though Morton, as pianist-director of his steel basically New Orleans ensemble, controlled real acerbic blues like Smokehouse Blues or in a cross between the two like The Chant, they generate passion while managing to sound blithely carefree.Their improvised composition, as distinct from Louis Armstrongs improvisation, is an irresistible affirmation of the human spirit. Duke Longtime A further refinement of Morons approach occurs in the music of Duke Longtime, born in Washing DC. Morton was the first, Longtime was the second composer in Jazz history; he remains the finest. He scored for a bigger band, using choir of saxophones blending, or playing in contras t, with brass and reeds, supported by string bass and percussion Longtime directed from or beside the keyboard. Longtime composed almost all the bands material using a 32-bar format rather more than the 12 bar blues. The artful quality of Elongations music lies first in the tunes which are memorable and recognizable his such as Black Beauty (1928) and Solitude and Mood Indigo (1930). Longtime starts from the cliches of white march and hymn, he adds chromatic richness that can plum our emotions. The music remains folk improvisation in tune with the spirit of the blues and at heart profoundly African.In a piece remains sinister because of the padding cat beat and the cross-rhythms of the guitar. One example of this ambiguity is the Black and Tan Fantasy (1927). Longtime fuses the spirit of New Orleans Jazz with the precise realization of art. Compromise teen black Jazz and white art entails the acceptance of white show business, which, in an industrial society, is arts popular manifestation. There are two complimentary strands in this process. One develops black Jazz into a mechanized powerhouse; the other combines popular conventions with the escape art of musical comedy.The two streams converge, as did blues, minstrel show and rag in the earlier generation. American Musical The Jazz musicians we have discussed have all been black, indirectly of African descent. The musicians who worked in music theatre on Broadway during the same cascades were all white, mostly of Jewish European ancestry. Musical comedy had its roots in European operetta, Viennese, French and English. One of the earliest and most talented of Broadway composers, Jerome Kern, though born in New York in 1885, studied in Europe, intending to become a classical composer.He returned the USA and to Tin Pan Alley. He produced his first show in 1912. During the next 30 years composed musicals such as Sunny (1925), Showboat (1927) and The Cat and the Fiddle (1931), which gave classic formulation to musical comedy conventions. The format of musical comedy steers it towards escapism. Broadway musical comedy emulates the operettas of such composers as the Stresses, Lear, Offenbach and Sullivan, transplanting both themes and forms in to an American environment.The themes are again either hedonistic or nostalgic. The forms follow a predictable pattern, the tunes constructed within rigidly diatonic, symmetrical eight-plus-eight- measure periods, though the harmony and modulations, especially in the middle eight, may be more adventurous than those of the old minstrel music. ; Irving Berlin Irving Berlin, born in Russia as Israel Blaine in 1888, was taken to New York as a baby. He had no musical training except what he picked up as a singing waiter.When he discovered that he had gift for writing word and tunes he was content to pick out the melody with one finger on the piano, leaving harmonistic and notation to a professional. Berlins songs have only two basic themes: an adolescent pleasure in the present moment and an equally adolescent nostalgia, sometimes tinged with self-pity. The tunes, with their narrow range and stepwise movement, more or less sing themselves. Such songs do not deny that love may hurt: they seek pleasure from the hurt itself and create and illusion that we can live on t he surface of our motions. Cole Porter Cole Porter (1891-1964). The cynical title of Porters musical Anything Goes (1934) is typical; so too is the fact that it conveys the mood of the sass with carefree is no positive element except the rudimentary boy-girl relationship, as expressed in the song All Through the Night. Its tune is merely a descending chromatic scale that, prompting dreamy modulations, induces trance, making the love seem almost too innocent to be true. Porters chromatics cast an ironic reflection on the diatonic love-songs of Berlin.The satirical elements in Porters songs are not sharp; they tend o defuse passion and violence, and become part of the American Dream. Yet his irony sometimes carries an uneasy honesty that we do not find in later musicals such as Richard Rodgers Oklahoma (1943). Occasionally, for instance in Night and Day, Porter allowed wit to be disturbed not only by passion but also by something not far from fright. George Gershwin Only one composer of Broadway and Tin Pan Ally overrode the illusory nature of the conventions to produce works of genius; George Gershwin. Many songs he contributed to ephemeral musicals have survived in their own right.Evidence of Gershwins percipience lies in his discovery of his essential theme in a novel by Dubos Hayward dealing with life among the blacks in New Orleans. From it was made a libretto for Porgy and Bess which, starting out as an ambitious musical, ended up as a fully-fledged opera exploiting an interplay of speech, recitative, arioso and pop aria and exhibiting a musical-theatrical craft to rival Puccini, if not Verdi. Swing era Gershwins understanding of the black blues, though intuitive, was profound is indicated by the fact that his tunes have always been favored material for Jazz improvisation.Porgy and Bess itself have been given superb Jazz treatments by such distinguished musicians as Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis and Gill Evens, Ray Charles and Cleo Elaine. This provides a link to the evolution of Jazz, now both black and white, in the sasss and asss; the era of swing, during which the relationship of band to soloists changed. Even Elongations band grew to considerable dimensions and has affiliations with the big white bands that were more a part of show business than of Jazz.The earliest was the concert band of Paul Whitman, for which Gershwin composed Rhapsody in Blue, and to which some of the most talented of white Jazz wind players contributed. Dominating the era of world war II was the big band of Glenn Miller. More interesting both musically and sociologically is Benny Goodman, a white clarinetist who directed big and small bands and who looked, from the world of commerce, towards both Jazz and art. It is significant that Goodman, himself a fine musician, was the first white impresario to promote black Jazzmen on equal terms.Count Basis The supreme achievements of Jazz during the swing era remain black, notably the Kansas City bands of Count Basis. The Basis band is an authentic successor to the boreholes music of shanty-town piano thumper. The machine- made energy of the massed brass is now set against the wiry agility of Basiss piano playing. Basiss which is more blues-influenced than Elongations, rhythmic momentum liberates the soloist but at the same time threatens his individuality. Cabaret singers The big band era was also the age of the great Jazz cabaret singers.Basis worked with male blues shouters such as great Jimmy Rushing. He also worked with Billie Holiday, the finest female Jazz singer since Bessie Smith, who restricted herself costly to pop standards. Holiday died young, of heroin, but other great cabaret singers of the sasss and asss, notably Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan and Betty Carter, have carried on performing into the sasss. The individual voice and spoken or sung word may still triumph. Instrumentalists During the sasss and ass what came to be called Modern Jazz reverted to private values.A pianist-composer like Theologies Monk had some of the attributes of a high priest, literally turning his back on his audience as he created a nervously tight, harmonically and tonally contorted revamping of old boreholes styles. Miles Davis, in his Cool Jazz of the sass, tempered Jazz heat with the muted sonority of his trumpet. Often he was abetted by the swinging lilt of Bill Vanss piano-playing. Evans was a white man. So is the composer-arranger Gill Evans, with whom Davis collaborated in some of the most beautiful Jazz Tone poems since Longtime, notably the suite derived from Porgy and Bess (1958).Among the saxophonists of modern Jazz Charlie Parker stands supreme, the most inventive and influential Jazz soloist since Armstrong. Although he used blues and pop conventions, his rapid chord changes and flexible meter steered Jazz improvisation once more towards a linear approach. This is evident too in the playing of Stan Get and in that of John Coloration and Ornate Coleman. We can also hear the influence of Parker in the Jittery linearity of the playing of Bud Powell who, like Parker, was a drug-infected victim of Jazz neurosis.McCoy Tuner starting in the sass in duo with Coloration as a brilliant exponent of blues and standard forms. White Country Music In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the original white settlers on the American continent brought their folk music with them, and it too has been ransomed into an industry: the pop music known as country and western. The music originated, however in the Eastern States, where emigrants from Britain had sung their old songs, rendered scrawnier and more rasping by the tough conditions of pioneer life.Even in the mid-twentieth century this is still eviden t in the singing of men and women living in remote areas of the Carolinas, Kentucky and Virginia. The instrumentalists, however, who made music not so much to alleviate loneliness as to stimulate communal activity, transformed their old-world models more radically. Georgian, Arkansas and Virginian fiddlers such as Fiddling John Carson played the old Scots and Irish reels with wild abandon, making music of almost manic cheerfulness. Provided a recipe for pop or entertainment, as distinct from folk, music. The fiddling of the string bands of the sass abandons everything to hedonism.This euphoria is no less evident in the banjo and guitar pickers who often support the fiddlers themselves play European-based dance music, or accompaniments to songs, some derived from British sources, others newly invented. Both fiddle music and plucked tiring music tends to be fast, regular in meter and diatonic. Bluegrass Some fiddlers and string players formed string bands such as the Skillet Licker, the Gully Jumpers or the North Carolina Ramblers. The music they made in the sass and ass was still a melody of old British songs and dances drained of hurtful elements and seasoned with bits of American hymned, march and ballad.At first this concerted music was still folk music. It served the needs of the community. During the sass it became more streamlined, exploitable on radio and recording. It was named bluegrass in homage to its Eastern mountain origins. Bluegrass music was performed by a lead singer who also played the guitar, banjo or mandolin, vigorously supported by other players of guitar, banjo and harp, with an interlacing of fiddlers. Tunes were fast and plainly diatonic. There may be a hint of desperation in the way in which the most melancholy local events railway accidents, hanging etc- are recounted with headily impervious glee.One finds something similar in the more Jazz-influenced string bands that, in the sass, came to be known as Western swing. Carter Family The Carter family, a Virginian mountain family who collected and arranged old-time hymns and ballads, sang quavers bass in the vocal trio. All the Carters songs, whatever their origin or theme, come out at moderate-to-fast tempo, regular in meter and in unsullied diatonic. The Carters importance is attributable not to exceptional talents but to their incorruptible integrity. Through popularized, even commercialese, they were little changed between the sass and the sass.With the Carters and the frail, clown like figure of Jimmy Rodgers the Lonesome Cowboy, country music became an industry in which the opposite poles of pop music, hedonism and nostalgia, were identified. Country singers like Dolly Barton and Lacy J Dalton have entered big business in becoming pop stars, without destroying the folk- like creativity they started from. Rock The rock explosion that occurred in the wake of World War II and came to fruition in the sass was an attempt to re-create music, having become an industry, tried to absorb the life-giving primitivism of black Jazz.Black-white integration worked both ways. If white culture engulfed black, black culture was now eager to take advantage of white technology to boost its growing self-confidence. From this process emerged hat came, appropriately, to be called soul music: the traditional passion and pain of black gospel music and of the blues are given greater punch by electric rather than male and female soul singers- Otis Redding and James Brown, Nina Simons and Earth Franklin. Also, in the sass blacks established their own record-producing industry, based in Detroit, manufacturing their own black style, called Midtown.Th is fast, regular-metered, cheerily diatonic music, reflecting the blacks self- assurances, is best represented by Diana Ross and her Supremes. The sound of Midtown has en wildly imitated by pop groups on both sides of the Atlantic from the late sass. But the emergence of rock and roll in the mid-twentieth century was a white phenomenon, in that young whites listened to black rhythm and blues out of frustration with their own society. It is possible to see Elvis Presley as a successor to the country singer Hank Williams. Both were Southern white boys with an evangelical background.Hank William Williams composed most of his own material in an idiom related to that of the Carter family, though with a touch of the black blues that gave a darker shade to the hymn- eke and ballad style. Elvis Presley Occasionally the black elements in Williwaws songs reinforced by the electric beat, guide him towards early Presley- style rock and roll. Elvis Presley responded to a non- conformist small-town background far more rebelliously. Whereas Williams created his own songs, mostly about broken loves, Presley used other peoples modes and manners to evoke an image of narcissistic self-esteem.Dressed extravagantly he brought it off because he had abilities to bolster charisma. Parsleys confidence in his voice projected his image, Heartbreak Hotel, the number that bought him instant name in 1956, was in origin a Southern country song. Presley uses both black barbershops and white Pentecostal styles as part of his performing expertise. Strait romantic lyricism is held in tension. The performance stimulates because it is precarious. He was always a performer and never a composer. The two poles of his nature- white dream-maker and black rebel- were both attempted escapes from routine.Presley was a solo performer: he could brook no competition. But as rock music developed it increasingly took over from gospel music the concept of the group. The rock group reached its climax not in the USA but in traditionally noncreative Britain. Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones, whose heyday was in the sasss, represents the closest approach pop ha made to an orgiastic music comparable with that created in African societies. This is seen in the groups singer Nick Eagers Africanized yelling and bodily gyrations, as well as in the fact that he adopted much of his material from black blueness like Muddy Waters.The Rolling Stones instrumental resources also have rudimentary origins, electric guitars and keyboards being vastly amplified versions of blues guitar, country harmonica, bagpipes and author. Amplification intensifies primitivism, since electronics may create a nightmarish inflation of the pitch both because it is metrically cruder and because, in amplification it is so loud, passing the threshold of tolerance. Breaking the sound barrier may become not a permissive euphoria but a destructive force relatable to voodoo.In 1970 Eagers rendering of Under my thumb triggered a Hells Angels ritual murder at the site of the performance. Primitive pentatonic melody here relies mainly on the driving beat for its momentum; harmony, as in real tribal music, is minimal or non-existent. This may be observed too in Award American rock groups such as the Doors, the Grateful Dead and the drug-orientated Velvet Underground. Music-Theatre, rock musicals Just as the energy of the Rolling Stones seemed to have weathered the years, so something has survived from the happier and happier cults of the sass.There is a direct return, if in simple form, to the Greek concept of music-theatre ritual. This is also demonstrated in the Tribal musicals of which Gal. McDermott Hair (1969) was the first to achieve artistic and material success. Similar themes and structure appear in The Whos Tommy and in Andrew Lloyd Weepers Jesus Christ Superstar. The use of multiple media 0 word, sound, movement, lighting 0 and of improvisation and audience participation means involvement rather than passive reception. Most pop concerts have become theatre ritual in this sense.Audiences will no longer tolerate a pop concert without visual as well as audible appeal. The Yess performance of their Tales from Topographic Oceans (1973) has something in common with the later music rituals of Steakhouses, in intention as well as in technique and technology. Pop is ritual in an emergent stage, and its ambiguity may e a strength. The long-playing record, tape and audio-visual are more radical innovations than we once realized. They transplant ritual from temple or theatre to any place.Individuals may create one, as do The Who in Quadraphonic (1965) or Pink Floyd in Atom Heart Mother (1968) and The Wall (1979). Intellect and technology are combined with feeling and instinct. The Battles The most successful group in pop history, the Battles, was the best. Their quality depended on the fact that they made songs of pronounced individuality. The return to origins in the basic beat, the often modal tunes, the side-stepping harmonies, were even a location and a name. American blues and country music interlaced with British hymn and music hall in the memorable melodies. Popular music free essay sample Focusing on a music based scene, movement or Artist of your own choosing from the period 1955 to 2000. You will detail, explain and analyses the roots, character and legacy of your chosen subject and consider what impact, if any, your subject has had upon popular music culture and the contemporary music business. Your choice may be a genre based scene such as the development of House Music in the UK through the asses and ass, or a geographically connected movement such as the Singer- Songwriter movement in Los Angles during the early asses, or a significantly influential and important Artist such as David Bowie or Madonna.You will need to have your choice of subject approved by your Module Leader, so do not begin researching or writing your assignment before you have discussed your theme with them. In this essay I will attempt to focus on a specific music scene as well as a movement being my choice of the East Coast Hip-Hop scene and the culture it carries. We will write a custom essay sample on Popular music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Aiming to focus on the time period of 1980-2000, where let felt It had Its biggest and most controversial moments. Digging into its roots and some of its legacy and the people thin the society that helped cause some drastic changes that occurred and still go on at present spiraling In todays society causing effects on the popular music culture and music Industry. Rap Is a gimmick, but Im for the hip-hop, the culture. - Method Man East Coast Hip-Hop was birthed from the genre Hip-Hop when it had its most peak moments In the years of the sasss going Into the premature years of the 1 asss. Marred to the Orlando form of Hip-Hop It became well known and recognized for the positive some-times being afro centric and realistic lyrics that often had some epithet of meaning into what was currently going on in the peoples lives. East Coast Hip-Hop combined various genres of music and sounds one of the largest examples being Jamaican danceable toasting where Dos played the rhythm and artist such as Sister Nancy, Yellow Man and Dennis Allocate blessed the music with their voice making unusual sounds by their mouth or slightly mining over the beat making the crowd feel welcomed and at one with the artist.The passion of using words to express feelings and thoughts similar to Soul music which was also popular at this time. With all of these factors East Coast Hip-Hop began to see the rise of a new community and culture allowing us to sit back and witness the growth and beginning 1 OFF DIM, Notorious Big, Jay Z and Nas who would all go on to cause their own footstep on the future and all the great things it bought then, and still today in culture and the music industry. Originating from the East Coast of America, being more specific in the South Bronx of New York Hip-Hop came alive and began to stomp down so many barriers. In the beginning Hip-Hop contained no toasting, rapping nor talking but talented Dos that created unfamiliar sound. However this would go on to change as people such as Gill Scott-Heron began to perform words of blissful spoken poetry. During the years of the sasss block parties were a main source of time killing, entertainment and gathering for the African American community and in some cases the youth of Ladinos.Dos such as DC Cool Here would arrive to individuals house bringing the party and crowd with them to play music that would satisfy at the time most popular being soul/Ran. They soon found a new trend that would go on to make history using Jamaican Dub where percussion was used to cause isolation thin the breaks of songs allowing B-Boys and Busgirls to breakneck to the funky and new vibrant sound. They went on experiencin g with techniques and ideas such as scratching and beat mixing were Macs such as Roseanne Shanty began to spit over. In the year of 1975 things slightly began to change in regards to the street life known gangs of New York began to bring the animosity into another forming a-boy and B-girl groups who began to dance to the break of Hip-Hop, which went on to create a new trend of break dancing. This became to play and contribute a huge mount to Hip-Hop along with other components Mining, graffiti and Digging. Together these elements would be the first building posts for East Coast Hip-Hop. You see in the beginning the basic thought of Hip-Hop was the music the Dos created along with the lyrics the Macs put on top of them.However with the new trends of breakfasting and spray painting people were almost forced to take notice that this wasnt Just a phase the people were going through but now a lifestyle choice and belief for the South side of the Bronx New York. In 1974 Sylvia Robinson and Joe Robinson founded Sugar Hill Records which before its time was never done and became the first major Hip-Hop reco rding company which then gave East Coast Hip-Hop the power to expand and see growth. Their first major success in 1979 when Rappers Delight produced and created by Sugar Hill gang having a score of 3 on UK charts and thirty six in the US. This song gave East Coast Hip-Hop the platform it needed to gain recognition from the world. This gave East Coast Hip-Hop the seed it needed to grow. In 1981 Tommy Boy Records/ Entertainment the independent label was created and merchandised by Tom Silverman and also sent a shock wave through the music scene with albums such as Naughty by Nature a group entitled album. Naughty by Nature was released in 1991 and was hailed to be one of the best 100 rap albums by One of the greatest albums ever made (NAME 2010).This displayed how critical it was to have record labels like these around and supporting the scene as it gave the artists and creators the chance to show some-thing they both loved and had a sincere passion for. In the year of 1983 the world was struck by the DNA of rap music (Run DIM), making a bang on the East Coast scene the world watched as Jason Micelle Cam-Master Jay), Darryl McDaniel (D. M. C) and Joseph Simmons (Run) originating, Queens New York bought out their first single Its like that. The single was aided with Sucker M. Cos reaching number 15 on the US R charts.With Run Dams hard-hitting beats, aggressive rhymes, fashion style and first solid four albums Run-D. M. C in 1984, King of Rock in 1985, Raising Hell in 1986 and Tougher Than Leather in 1988, they had now found the new ability to bring awareness to the what was thought of the underground music scene. As well as bringing new heights to East Coast Hip-Hop we saw them change Hip-Hop from being Just a musical front too LOL to care about appearance and presentation with its rough edges into a fashion statement being strategically clever about all of the fashion choices they made. Run DIM was more than determined on pushing and creating their own style. They simply dressed on stage as they would on the corner of their streets in Queens, by doing this kids and fans were able to identify. Their stick-up kid look was now shadowing the thoughts and motives of the streets. Dressed in hardcore leather jackets, Godfather hats, exaggerated Jewelry, dark colored Jeans and of course their infamous Aids sneakers. It first began when people start recognizing Run DIM wearing their trainers with no laces, a style deriving from Jail where officers removed the laces to prevent inmates from committing suicide.However all of these positive aspects didnt come without backlash . With the older generation seeing the effect Run DIM were having on the youth they began getting annoyed at them for using such stereotypical references and links. Run DIM soon received a back lash from musician and poet Dry. Gerald Ideas when he released Felon Sneakers a song which he used to beat them down about connecting such things of inmates to the youths as bad influence.This didnt stop Run DIM in their tracks however as they came back with the song My Aids which also became one of their hits, turning the meaning around and deceiving its stereotype to be a positive movement and contradiction to what the system wanted Me and my Aids do the lilies things, We like to stomp out pimps with diamond rings, We slay all suckers who perpetrate, and lay down law from state to state In affect this caused the sale of Aids sneakers to raise in the asss eventually allowing Run DIM to do some-thing that hadnt been done before, hey were signed by Aids to produce their own clothing line and sneakers with a ultimate bonus of 1 million dollars. This would start a trend with Hip-Hop as it carries on to happen now with artist such as accent being sign to cre ate sneakers and clothing for Rebook, and female rap artist such as Tenant Taylor and Missy Elliot to create their own styles for Aids. My Aids was the confirmation needed that East Coast Hip-Hop was now more than a simple form of music but a lifestyle eventually launching street wear to the place it is today. After all this positivist the darkness and underground grunge began to come out of the East Coasts draining systems.A new culture was growing influencing more of the East Coasts talented artists that were Grandmaster Flash released the song white lines telling the hidden story of the New York Streets using lyrics such as Ticket to ride white line highway, tell all your friends, they can go my way, pay your toll, sell your soul, pound for pound costs more than gold. The lyrics demonstrated a warning about the effects of using cocaine. With the obvious use of cocaine taking place it was only right the story of the dealers e exposed, this is when the perfect timing for the hustler to come up and tell his story of being apart of the East Coast scene. For the majority of underground rappers money making was at times A issue so they used the option of hustling alongside rapping and for a time thought to have gone hand in hand working together Just like beats and flows (Carter, S. 2010).In 1986 Beastie Boys created their most successful album entitled licensed to Ill which featured arguably their biggest hit fight for your right making history as the first ever Hip-Hop album to reach the target of being umber one in the US billboards charts. This was a controversial factor and cause some animosity and annoyance amongst the black community as they believed a right had been taken away from them. The Beastie Boys came from a middle/upper class backgroun d and had no relevance or experiences with the hustling scene and the music that it was producing. 1987 was A year for big things giving the most successful rappers a steady platform to show what they had been working for.With their political lyrics and statements Public Enemy became one of the most influential rap groups. Although their first album M)! Bum Rush the show wasnt a hit, their second album It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back released in 1988 would go on to prove critics wrong selling over a million copies including songs with empowering political speeches made by Malcolm X. With Flag Flag wearing his giant clock chains and the name of the group it was easy to draw the conclusion that they had come revert the idea of them being damaging to every-day people and society to become known for being powerful and influencing. However one of the most important and historic stamps were still left to come to put its mark on East Coast Hip-Hop.Jay Z made and entrance on to the scene in the unforgettable year of 1989 and would soon go on to be referred to as the best r apper in the world. Jay Z being friends with Jazz was able to gain contact with Brooklyn DC Fresh Gordon who abele him to a verse on a track with Big Daddy Kane on a mix-tape which began to circulate. Even with all this new unique talent Jay Z had he still fell into the rap what most other young black males were falling into hustling. However if it wasnt for this lifestyle Jay Z wouldnt of been inspired to write and deliver the lyrics he did empower him to share his experiences of life, his laity had a story to tell (Carter, S. 2010).He himself made sure that his songs were as truthful as they could be not Just glorifying the street life that was being lived but often trying to depict and explain how the once city paved with gold had turned into the streets that homed criminals, prostitutes, drug abusers but most important legends in the making. This is why the hustlers story through hip hop has connected with a global audience. The deeper we got into those sidewalk cracks and into the mid of the young hustler trying to find his fortune there, the closer we et to the ultimate human story, the story of struggle, which is what defines us many others like him life story unravel, i nforming us of the streets he met and they changes him and also the people around him. Music was not Jay Gs only talent Just like his peers such as Russell Simmons, Puff Daddy and Dry Deer we saw Jay Z bring his entrepreneur skills from the streets to his own office. Owning brands and businesses such as Orca-Wear , clubs 40/40 which are located in over 4 different states, Carols Daughter a brand of beauty products, sports club bar 40/40 in over 20 airports, he also bought a share of the Brooklyn Nets basketball team and closest to home in 2005 Jay Z bought a stake in the England football team Arsenal. With the rise of Jay Z still escalating we saw rappers with similar dialect and begin to come through the East Coast Hip-Hop scene. Artist such as Nas, Www-Tang Clan and one of my own personal favorites The Notorious B. I. G. In 1994 spectators were blown away with B. L. Gs easy flow accompanied by his slight lisp, with the album Ready To Die which hit the billboards at number 3. Once again we saw a rapper tell the public his life story allowing his peers to understand change and what can happen with a hard grind.In his famous song sky is he limit you hear him say A Niger never been as broke as me, I like that, demonstrating that there is some form of light at the end of the tunnel. With being on the rise and so much other success B. I. G still had other projects going on the most recognizable being Junior M. A. F. I. A which included some of his friends he grew up with in the streets such as Ill Cease, Chic Del Vice, M. C Slept and Ill Kim a female rapper artist he found on the street and helped to mould long with Puff Daddy. You see even with the world on his door step he refused to forget his promises to the streets and remain humble bringing his old crew into his new life and new found success. Nas was was greatly inspired by the late B. I. G and released his first album Lunatic in 1994 produced with East Coast producer Pete Rock and Large Professor. On this album Nas shared his child hood and not so long ago life experiences living in the inner city of New York. With his style of multi syllable rhyming the album was able to reach number 2 on the US charts. With the East Coast producing consistent and well produced acts the East Coast could not be ignored which also would bring rivals as mentioned before the East Coast and West Coast rappers soon began beef and go back and forth almost take it back to the streets. One of the most worldly known rhymes created by Tuba in Hit Me Up where he spoke about B. I.G and his then current wife and also fellow label soul artist Faith Evans l let these Niger know its on for life dont let the West side ride tonight This would be a groundbreaking moment not only for the East and West Coast, but or Hip-Hop on a whole. With B. I. G being killed in 1997 12 months after rival Tuba was murdered, there was almost a pause on the scene not producing any new artist that would create new moments such as Jay Z, Nas or Public Enemy already had. Regarding the culture and music industry of today, East Coast Hip-Hop still plays a large part. Since the year of 2009 there has been a decrease of rap sales, however we can still see how artists today are still inspired today with artist such as ASAP Rocky, who used the old school beats and gold fashion or Azalea Banks adding the sound of pop but being provocative with her lyrics as Ill Kim would often do.The crack epidemic still carries on today and it is arguable that it may have got worse but with it being so world wide it is more controlled. We still hear artist rapping about their describing the past that haunts him Vive been living this daily with no peace, no daydreams to save me, get high cause I want to survive, wish I could turn back the hands of time. As the artist today would of been at and impressionable age most likely their teens, an impressionable age they would of been inspired by artists such s Jay Z and Biggie Smalls inspiring them to use their life to express their feelings. However their are some differences mainly being fashion. Now rappers are more fearless with what they wear and how they wear it, however they still rock the gold jewelry.

The American Presidency essays

The American Presidency essays The Power Of the American Presidency The office of the American President is unquestionably a democratically ruled position. The checks and balances of the Legislative and Judicial branches, known as Separation of Powers, keep the presidency one of the most important duties in the world, but at the same time, the checks and balances do not let the president have too Separation of power was very effective; The three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate, and each has different powers. Congress has legislative, or law making, powers; the President has the power to carry out, or execute, the laws; and the Judicial branch had the judging power, used to interpret the laws. In addition, each branch is able to restrain or balance the powers of the other two branches upon power abuse. If the President is suspected of unlawful acts, he can be impeached, or tried by the House and Senate for misusing his power. If he is found guilty, he can be thrown out of office, unless two thirds of Congress agrees with a treaty he proposes. Furthermore, if the President wants to spend money, his request must pass through Congress, since it has control over spending. Lastly, Congress can re-pass a vetoed bill. Congress also has checks and balances against itself. The president can veto a bill from Congress, and although Congress can override a veto, obtaining a two-thirds vote is very difficult. Public speeches by the President may also concern the public with an issue, putting pressure on Congress to The American President is one of the most important persons on earth. The president, however, cannot pass a single bill without the approval of the House and the Senate. The president can propose bills, and he often deals with many short, yet unthinkably important questions concerning various factors throughout the world. ...

How to Form the Italian Gerund

How to Form the Italian Gerund I am eating, you are drinking, the soprano is singing. In Italian, the gerund (il gerundio) is equivalent to the -ing verb form in English. Forming the Gerund To form the simple gerund in Italian, add -ando to the stem of -are verbs and -endo to the stem of -ere and -ire verbs. There is also another form of the gerund, the compound gerund (il gerundio composto). It is formed with the either the gerund form of either avere or essere past participle of the action verb (see the table below). The Italian gerund is equal to the English present participle - i.e. the part of the verb ending in -ing, like thinking, running, talking, speaking, drinking, etc.Also called the adverbial present participle, the gerund (gerundio) is formed by adding a suffix to the verb. Examples: ARE verbs add -ando.Example:  parl-ando  (speaking)IRE verbs add -endo.Example:  dorm-endo  (sleeping)ERE verbs add -endo.Example:  vend-endo  (selling) Adverbial participles answer questions about the main verbs action. Examples: Sbagliando si impara  - One learns by making mistakesThis answers the question, How does one learn? Gerunds are used like English present participles to form progressive tenses with the verb stare. Examples: Sto parlando  -  I am talkingAnswers the question, What am I engaged in doing?Stava dormendo  - He was sleepingAnswers the question, What was he engaged in doing When to Use the Gerund To indicate a preceding action that relates to the principal action.If a sentence consists of a main clause as well as a dependent/subordinate clause and both verbs have the same subject, the verb in the dependent clause can typically be replaced with a gerund.Create the gerund by taking off the –are, -ire or -ere ending Forming Gerunds Imperfect Stems GERUNDIO GERUNDIO COMPOSTO cadendo (falling) essendo caduto/a/i/e (having fallen) leggendo (reading) avendo letto (having read) mangiando (eating) avendo mangiato (having eaten) The imperfect stems are used to form the gerunds of verbs such as dire (dicendo), fare (facendo), porre (ponendo), and tradurre (traducendo). The reflexive verbs attach the reflexive pronoun to the end of the word: lavandosi, sedendosi, divertendosi. Ways to Avoid Using the Gerund Sentences can be turned around to avoid using the gerund. To do this use on of the following words to start the sentence. Quando (when)Mentre (while)Poichà © (since)Siccome (since)Nonostante (notwithstanding)Benchà © (although/even though)Sebbene (although/even though)Malgrado (in spite of/even though)

Western Cultural Influence on Japanese Artistry Essay

Western Cultural Influence on Japanese Artistry - Essay Example Between the Meiji Restoration in the latter half of the 19th century and the Taisho Era prior to the First World War, Japanese culture was significantly changed due to Western influence and the styles of traditional Japanese art were changed or largely abandoned for Western artistic techniques. During the period of Japanese isolation, artists were inspired to draw from their own cultural history and to create artwork based on the development of traditional techniques. Their work was heavily influenced by religious beliefs such as Buddhism and the Yoga lifestyle; after Western cultures were introduced to the nation, artists would study abroad and bring home classic European techniques such as impressionism, post-impressionism and eclecticism that would both stand alone and change the traditional Japanese techniques into new styles. During the early years of Western perception of Japanese art, many traditional styles were viewed as identical, due simply to the fact that European and North American audiences were not accustomed to them (Tipton, pp.53-55). While post-war Japan would be indisputably influenced by international cultures, it was the years of the Meiji Restoration and the Taisho era that started the artistic shift from traditional Japanese to modern Western styles. ... Aside from sculpting Buddhas and the development of early ceramic techniques that would become invaluable throughout the world, Japanese artists took quite easily to painting as a major form of art. The fact that calligraphy was in itself an art form, rendered not only for function but for beauty, had a direct hand in the large-scale development of Japanese painting because both involved the use of a brush. Brush skills were such a rudimentary part of Japanese life that it was second nature for artists to pick up a paintbrush and work on complete pictures instead of just characters. Because of this initial correlation between calligraphy and painting, one can easily see how the latter developed from the former. Japanese painting has traditionally utilized the same brush techniques as were necessary for the formation of calligraphy characters; these were further developed however the origins of such painting techniques can easily be discerned. Where traditional European painting was characterized by the use of the paintbrush to show objects in realistic form by making use of light and shading, Japanese painting formed as an offshoot of calligraphy and therefore objects were portrayed in a basic style that used individual lines in a form of impressionism. Artwork in the Edo Period, immediately prior to the Meija era, encompassed not only painting and ceramics, but architecture and woodblock prints. Stunning architectural styles were not only beautiful when standing alone, but they were created in conjunction with various gardens that were designed to showcase the buildings in the best light. Traditional Japanese architecture is internationally famed alongside the country's ceramics, silk weaving and other art forms, but perhaps most unique

2 Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

2 Questions - Assignment Example Therefore, such markets rely on foreign aid as a major source of income in the market (Moyo, 2011). The reliance on the foreign aid from other countries is rampant such that the country and economy view it as a basic induction. Killing foreign aid in such market structures is a negativity that will plunge the people into abject poverty. Insufficient research in the market structures is a vital subject that leads to a flop in the market instruments. In many cases, foreign countries force some of the poor countries to indulge in some activities that are considered to be lucrative. Though they accord the relevant funding to such activities, they do not reflect the vital ideas that should be considered in the markets. First, for an effective market structure, there is a need to focus on the market structures. This is by conducting sufficient research. For instance, china is in great demand for resources emanating from Africa. However, it is not obvious that Africa is demanding the same from china (Moyo, 2011). Therefore, reflecting on such factors is an issue that should be considered. Secondly, sufficient research on the demography is to be encompassed. The population demand in China is not the same in Africa. Therefore, the demand for goods in the markets is different. Imposing similar projects in the two regions is more unlikely to be successful. Secondly, market instruments are not recording success in the stated countries due to Unprofessional Labor force. In China, the government invests an arguably large amount of capital in training their work-force. This is an activity that is widely practiced across the national divide. Therefore, the country boasts of having professional and trained personnel. With such notations in the economy, the country has been recorded among the countries with the rapidly growing economy alongside the United States and Canada (Moyo, 2011). It is palpable that trained and educated personnel will reflect a better performance in

The Lonely Miss Brill Essay Example for Free

The Lonely Miss Brill Essay With a unique blend of symbolism, imagery and setting Mansfield brings us into the world of †Miss Brill†. The story is narrated in the third person; the narrator primarily acts as the voice of Miss Brill. By telling the story through the eyes of Miss Brill, Mansfield is able to convey to the reader the loneliness and the lack of self-awareness of the main character. She gives no explanation as to the Miss Brill’s past, leaving it to the readers to draw their own conclusions. At the same time the author provides clues from which the reader can derive the theme of this story. The central theme of â€Å"Miss Brill† is the pain of loneliness, and inadvertent attempts to experience life through the experiences of total strangers. Miss Brill, has many symbols that clearly point out that Miss Brill is an old maid without close contacts. Firstly, Miss Brill lives in northern France teaching English. She is an immigrant everyone she knows, with the exception of her students and a elderly man, lives in England. This makes Miss Brill a stranger in a strange land despite the fact that she speaks French. Another reason the reader can tell Miss Brill is alone stems from the title. She has never been married and therefore has no family. Also brill is French for bearded. Symbolically bearded people are old. These are some symbols that point the loneliness and age factor in Miss Brill. From the beginning of the narrative it becomes apparent that Miss Brill is starving for warmth and companionship. She tenderly caresses her fur as if it were a beloved pet when she rubs â€Å"the life into the dim little eyes† (p. 0) of the old fox boa. Another sign of Miss Brill’s need for companionship is evident in her perception of the music which the band is playing at the Jardins Publiques: â€Å"It was like some one playing with only the family to listen (p. 50). † Despite of her loneliness, she is considering herself a part of this family that the band is entertaining with its music. But in reality she is more of an observer, a observer, and not an active participant in life as it unfolds at the Jardins Publiques. She is looking forward to eavesdropping on other people’s conversations, believing herself to be quite an expert in remaining unnoticed. Miss Brill adopts a more critical, at times even hostile, attitude toward the women that she observes in the park than toward their male companions. She seems to view the man who shares her â€Å"special† seat as â€Å"a fine old man,† while the woman is â€Å"a big old woman (p. 50). † When she recollects the events of the previous Sunday at the park, she remembers a patient Englishman with the difficult to please wife, whom â€Å"Miss Brill wanted to shake (p. 0). † These observation of the women carry perhaps a note of envy that she feels toward the women who have male companionship. At this point in the story the reader still does not know much about her, except that she is a lonely observer. Then one of her observations about the â€Å"odd, silent, nearly all old people, and from the way they stared they look ed as though they’d just come from dark little rooms or even – even cupboards! (p. 51)† whom she sees every Sunday at the park hints to the reader that she might be one of those people. The pieces of the puzzle, of course, fall into place at the end of the story, when her room is described as â€Å"the little dark room-her room like a cupboard (p. 52). † This is the conclusion of the story, when Miss Brill is able to see herself and her surroundings in the new light. Her new self-awareness is brought about by disparaging remarks of the young lovers who refer to Miss Brill as â€Å"that stupid old thing (p. 52),† and to her precious fur as â€Å"a fried whiting (p. 52). † This is Miss Brill’s moment of epiphany. She is as old as the other park-goers, her fur is a pitiful necklet, and she foregoes her usual Sunday slice of honeycake. In spite of her newly found self-awareness, Miss Brill still denies some of her own emotions when â€Å"she thought she heard something crying (p. 52)† at the very end of the story. The tears are obviously her own. Yet another look at the same lines of the story you realize that the young man and girl are repulsed by her not really because of how she is dressed but she and the other older people represent their own mortality and one day they know they too may be like this.

Essay --

This short story starts out by setting the scene. The American and a girl sit at a table in front of a building where they were waiting on a train to arrive. It is very hot outside and the background is hills described to be long and white. â€Å"They look like white elephants,† she said. â€Å"I’ve never seen one,† the man drank his beer. â€Å"No you wouldn’t have.† â€Å"I might have,† the man said. â€Å"Just because you say I wouldn’t have doesn’t prove anything.† (Hemingway 6-10) These lines from Ernest Hemingway depict how a man can overpower a woman with his chosen words and tone. In this conversation between the American and the woman, you will see the woman become less and less sure of herself and eventually she can’t even make her own decisions. The girl is even unsure if she wants water with her drink. â€Å"We want two Anis del Toro.† â€Å"With water?† â€Å"I don’t know,† the girl said. â€Å"Is it good with water?† (Hemingway 19-21) Marsh 2 In the previous lines you can see the girl is skeptical. She is waiting for reassurance from the American. â€Å"The Huffington Post† featured an article which came from a study conducted by the University of Texas. Students observed the behavior of boys and girls in a room and how they responded to social cues. Each child was left alone with his mother and were told by their mothers not to touch a forbidden object. The boys not only touched the object more frequently than girls but they ignored the mother’s voice telling them no when they picked up the forbidden object. The girls touch the object less frequently and when they did they often looked at their mother for reassurance. The boys rarely paid attent... ... comforting the girl and telling her to come in the shade. This is him protecting her and giving the girl security which she doesn’t have on her own. The train finally arrives which seems to have been what the girl wanted because she did not wish to discuss the topic anymore. Marsh 7 Works Cited: Zweig, Robert. â€Å"Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing†: Hills are Like White Elephants(1927) Tenth Edition. Pearson Education 2004. 350-353. Print. Biddle, Tabby. â€Å"The Huffington Post† : Why Do Women Feel They Need Permission? Jan 30,2009 Hoplock, Lisa â€Å"Science of Relationships†: How You Doin’? Self-Esteem Affects How People Flirt (2014) www.scienceofrelationships.com

Bob Evans versus Cracker Barrel

The establishment of the interstate highway system opened an enormous market for every business and service catering to the mobile traveler. It is imperative for a national restaurant chain to design an atmosphere causing repeat business.Both Bob Evans Restaurants and Cracker Barrel Restaurants have created similar, yet unique dining and shopping experiences and continue to grow in popularity.   As gas prices surge and limit highway travel these two restaurants compete head-to-head, often mere blocks away from each other, for the travelers’ patronage.The store layout of Bob Evans and Cracker Barrel share some basic similarities.   Both are â€Å"wait to be seated† restaurants with a waiting area separate from the dining area.   The waiting area of Bob Evans is rather small, capable of seating less than twenty people, with additional room for standing.   There is a small amount of items for sale, including candy, other foods and postcards.The waiting area of Crac ker Barrel by contrast is actually a large â€Å"country store† filled with a variety of â€Å"country† decorative items, craft-type items, decorations, and food, typically candy and other treats.   Cracker Barrel advertises to the effect it is â€Å"half country store and half restaurant†.   Bob Evans restaurants have a separate â€Å"carry out† entrance and waiting area, and a display case of fresh desserts.Both are â€Å"chain† restaurants, so building design is physically identical (exterior and interior) to others in the chain.   Cracker Barrel continues the â€Å"country† and â€Å"store† theme with a large covered porch with rocking chairs for sale and a very large parking area.   Bob Evans has a slightly smaller parking area, and no exterior waiting area.   Both make use of professional landscaping and flower/plant arrangement.   Both are ADA compliant with plenty of â€Å"handicapped† parking.Both restauran ts have very accommodating interior space so that customers are not â€Å"rubbing elbows† with fellow customers.   Interestingly, both still accommodate smoking patrons, and have ample separate areas smoking sections physically set off from the main dining area.   Bob Evans also has a counter-top sitting area with stools reminiscent of old-style diners.   The center point of a Cracker Barrel restaurant is a huge wood-burning fireplace giving much atmosphere to the dining area.Aisles in both facilities are large enough to easily maneuver a wheelchair. However, the aisles in the Cracker Barrel store area are virtually non-existent.   It is better to describe the â€Å"aisles† as little more than crowded paths between piles and displays of merchandise.Bob Evans restaurants primarily seat patrons at booths with some tables.   Cracker Barrel employs a variety of table sizes able to accommodate from two to ten people.   Either restaurant will adjust and arrange t able seating in order to accommodate large groups.The interior decorating is quite different between the two restaurants.   Both are carpeted in muted tones; however the wall treatment is very different.   Bob Evans employs many â€Å"half† walls and small â€Å"dividers† to give a sense of privacy in the main dining area. Both restaurants employ a full wall to separate the smoking section.Cracker Barrel continues its â€Å"country† theme with â€Å"barn wood† paneled walls.   It uses what detractors refer to as the â€Å"SNOW† principle for wall decorating:   expletive changed to â€Å"Stuff† Nailed On Walls.   There is hardly a square inch between old signs, photographs, farm and kitchen implements and other items appearing to be haphazardly nailed to the paneling.In contrast, Bob Evans restaurants feature attractive and â€Å"homey† wall and window dà ©cor and treatment, and feature groupings of photographs that are spec ific to the individual restaurants locale.   Cracker Barrel has several small games for children on each table, as well as â€Å"coloring book† placemats.

Journalists Code of Ethics

Journalists' Code of Ethics 1. I shall scrupulously report and interpret the news, taking care not to suppress essential facts nor to distort the truth by omission or improper emphasis. I recognize the duty to air the other side and the duty to correct substantive errors promptly. 1. I shall not violate confidential information on material given me in the exercise of my calling. 1. I shall resort only to fair and honest methods in my effort to obtain news, photographs and/or documents, and shall properly identify myself as a representative of the press when obtaining any personal interview intended for publication. . I shall refrain from writing reports which will adversely affect a private reputation unless the public interests justifies it. At the same time, I shall write vigorously for public access to information, as provided for in the constitution. 3. I shall not let personal motives or interests influence me in the performance of my duties; nor shall I accept or offer any pres ent, gift or other consideration of a nature which may cast doubt on my professional integrity. 4. I shall not commit any act of plagiarism. . I shall not in any manner ridicule, cast aspersions on or degrade any person by reason of sex, creed, religious belief, political conviction, cultural and ethnic origin. 6. I shall presume persons accused of crime of being innocent until proven otherwise. I shall exercise caution in publishing names of minors, and women involved in criminal cases so that they may not unjustly lose their standing in society. 7. I shall not take unfair advantage of a fellow journalist. 8. I shall accept only such tasks as are compatible with the integrity and dignity of my profession, invoking the â€Å"conscience clause† when duties imposed on me conflict with the voice of my conscience. 9. I shall comport myself in public or while performing my duties as journalist in such manner as to maintain the dignity of my profession. When in doubt, decency should be my watchword. Approved by the Philippines Press Institute and the National Press Club in 1988. code of ethics Code of Professional and Ethical Conduct I. Covering elections A. Pay your way. 1. The newspaper must cover the cost of coverage during the election campaign and count, including dining out sources for stories, the airfare, hotel accommodation, per diem and operations expenses of staff members assigned to political parties and candidates. This prohibition excludes transport services and common rooming accommodations arranged by the political parties for all members of the media. 2. Staff members shall clear with their supervising editors invitations from the candidates or political parties to join out-of-town or overseas coverage events, so the newspaper may appropriate the necessary budget, if these are newsworthy events. B. Do not accept cash or gifts in kind from politicians and political parties. 1. All editors, reporters, photographers, columnists, artists and other staff members must resist all attempts of candidates or political parties to bribe the newspaper in cash or in kind. Newspapers are encouraged to expose such attempts, whether consummated or aborted, to identify the culpable parties and to promptly return the bribe or donate it to charity with the appropriate documentation. C. Do not moonlight with political parties. 1. No staff member shall be allowed to work on a part-time, full-time or contractual basis with any political party or candidate. . Staff members shall be discouraged from inviting candidates to stand as godparents in baptisms, weddings and other church rites, or as padrinos in the employment of relatives or friends. D. Beware of surveys. Statistical data derived from polling and surveying is especially susceptible to misunderstanding, misinterpretation and misuse. Newspap ers should clearly distinguish between scientific polls and non-scientific surveys such as readers' call-ins or write-ins and person-in-the-street interviews that are reported in statistical terms. This must be done in a way that is likely to be understood by the average reader, including the headlines and graphics. * In using scientific polls, the sample size and the margin of error should be disclosed. * In using non-scientific surveys, the manner in which they were taken and their limitations should be clearly explained in print. Merely labeling a survey as â€Å"non-scientific† is not sufficient. * Surveys that do not meet minimal scientific standards of validity and reliability should not be identified as polls, nor should they be portrayed in language suitable to scientific polls. Great caution should be used in employing non-scientific polls to address substantial questions of public policy or to describe the popularity or approval rating of public officials or public actions. II. Conflicts of interest Individual journalists (publishers, editors, desk persons, reporters, photographers, artists, columnists) must weigh their obligations against the impact of: * Invo lvement in particular activities * Affiliation with causes or organizations * Acceptance of favors or preferential treatment * Financial investments * Outside employment Friendships In the end, individual journalists might do well to ask themselves: * Am I being independent? * Could my action harm my integrity or my organization's integrity? * Is the mere appearance of conflict enough to diminish my credibility? Am I willing to publicly disclose any potential conflicts? A. Be careful with secondary jobs you take. 1. â€Å"Outside work,† secondary jobs or moonlighting presents per se a potential conflict of interest, especially with individuals, firms or entities: * that are the subject of news, past or future; that are competitors of the primary source of income of the journalist (another broadsheet or magazine circulating in the same market); * that requires the journalist to render more than just editorial services (writing, editing, art design), additional services that wo uld compromise the integrity of his/her profession and news agency (pushing press releases, organizing press conferences, acting as press agent, etc. ) 1. Individual journalists who do outside work or acquire secondary jobs must properly inform their immediate superiors. A secondary job is one which gives the journalist income less than what he/she gets from his/her newspaper. ) 2. Professional work as stringers or free-lance writers for newspapers, magazines, book publishers, news services, photo agencies and similar organizations headquartered outside their circulation area is usually acceptable. So is part-time teaching in local colleges and other professional or para-newspaper duties. All arrangements of this kind are discussed in advance with management. 3. Journalists must avoid paid or unpaid work for a politician or political organization, and should not hold public office or accept appointment to any political position for which there is remuneration other than expenses. B. Don't use your paper/job to make money. Draw the line between journalism and your own money ventures. 1. Financial investment by staff members or other outside business interests that could conflict with the newspaper's ability to report the news or that would create the impression of such a conflict should be avoided. . A staff member may not enter into a business relationship with a news source. A staff member may not make investments which could come into conflict with the staff member's duties. A staff member with investments or stockholdings in corporations should avoid making news decisions that involve those corporations. 3. Similarly, staff members' employment by news sources or potential news sources should be avoided, and staffers should refrain from le nding their names to commercial enterprises with no promotional value to their papers. Business interests that could conflict with a staff member's ability to report the news, or that would create the impression of such a conflict, must be avoided. C. You are entitled to advocate causes and join organizations but don't impose this on your readers. Disclose your advocacies and organizational involvements. 1. Staff members should avoid any involvement in any activity which could compromise, or appear to compromise, the staff member's role or the newspaper's capacity, ability or disposition to gather, report, write or edit, faithfully, factually, impartially or fairly. Such activity must be cleared in advance with the editor(s) whenever any possibility of interference or conflict exists. 2. Journalists exercise discretion in all relationships with causes and organizations. Staff members are encouraged to join and to perform voluntary services for local religious, cultural, social and civic organizations. Newspapers have the same community responsibility as other businesses in donating editors' and employees' time to civic undertakings. Staff members should let supervisors know what groups they're involved with. 3. Journalists should avoid political involvement beyond voting. In no circumstances may a staff member seek political office or work, for pay as a volunteer, in a political campaign or organization. D. Don't misuse and abuse your privileges as a journalist. 1. Journalists must take care not to use newspaper property, i. e. its name, its stationery, or press card, for personal gain or advantage. However, we recognize that our involvement as citizens may sometimes compromise or inhibit our professional responsibilities, and we judge each situation with that in mind. We are particularly conscious of the necessity to avoid personal involvement in either side of an issue about which we would be writing or editing stories for the newspaper. 1. Unpublished information gathered by the newspaper may not be used by staff members for investment decisions. Staff members should try to ensure the confidentiality of information gathered by the newspaper by making every effort to keep such information from reaching anyone who might attempt to use it for personal gain before it is published. Staff members should be careful in dealings with news sources-particularly those in the investment community-not to disclose before publication the nature of the story that has the potential to affect the price of any stock. And because the timing of an investment is often crucial, no one outside the newspaper should know in advance the publication date of a story. When there is doubt about the appropriateness of a business investment, or about any possible conflict of interest, the staff member should discuss the situation with the supervising editor. . No staff member should write about, report on, photograph or make a news judgment about any individual related to him or her by blood or marriage or with whom the staff member has a close personal relationship. Writing or editing a story about a friend's business, for example, presents a conflict and should be avoided. A staff member who finds himself or herself in a situation where a conflict of interest (or the perception of such) becomes likely should consult with the supervising editor about the circumstances. 1. Employees shall not use their positions with the newspaper to get any benefit or advantage in commercial transactions or personal business for themselves, their families or acquaintances. For example, they shall not use company connections: * To get information or a photograph for purposes other than those of the newspaper. * To expedite personal business with, or seek special consideration from, public officials or agencies, such as the police. * To seek for personal use information not available to the general public. To get free or at a reduced rate not available to the public, things like tickets, memberships, hotel rooms or transportation. 1. Employees shall not use the company name, reputation, phone number or stationery to imply a threat or retaliation or pressure, to curry favor, or to seek personal gain. III. Writing the story 1. All efforts must be exerted to make stories fair, accurate and balanced. Getting the other side is a must, especially for the most sensitive and cr itical stories. The other side must run on the first take of the story and not any day later. . Single-source stories must be avoided as a rule. There is always the imperative to get a second, third or more sources, the contending parties to an issue, the expert source, the affected party, the prominent and the obscure, in the story. We must strive at all times to ascertain the truth of our sources' assertions. 3. Documents are required, particularly for stories alleging corruption or wrongdoing by public officials or agencies, or private individuals and corporations and groups. 4. As a rule, anonymous sources shall be discouraged, especially if they are coming from the public sector or publicly accountable agencies. But when we have to shield the identity of our source. -because revealing it would put his/her job or life in danger-we must: First ascertain the truth of his/her assertions; Determine if he/she is not a polluted source or an interested or beneficial party; Describe him/her in a manner that would establish his/her expertise or right to speak on the subject. 5. We shall avoid at all times language, photographs, visuals and graphics that are racist, sexist, insensitive and disrespectful of men, women and children; the religious denominations, cultural communities, and gender and political preferences. 6. The identities and photographs of children and women who figure in the news as victims of sexual abuse (i. e. rape, incest, sexual harassment, prostitution, battering, etc. ) must not be printed, and details about their personal circumstances and identities must be withheld. In the case of incest victims, the identities of the accused and immediate family members must also be protected. Disclosure of the identities of victims of sexual abuse-but not their photographs-may be allowed only in cases when the adult victim (above 18 years old) has decided to file a case in court. 1. Suspects in criminal cases must be properly described as suspects, Photographs of a police lineup of suspects must be avoided, except in cases of large public interest, and when prima facie evidence has been established against suspects who are publicly accountable officials. . Documents that had been leaked by sources, especially those from the government, must be properly described as leaked documents, when used in a story. As much as possible, the source must identified. 3. We shall accord equal prominence to rejoinders, rebuttals and clarification from persons or agencies criticized in our stories. These should run without any delays, or as promptly as possible, and should be e dited only for grammar. 4. When we commit errors of fact or impression, we must acknowledge this on print, and promptly issue a clarification. . Misleading practices such as misrepresentation, trickery, impersonation, and the use of hidden tape recorders in newsgathering can seriously undermine a newspaper's credibility and trustworthiness and should be avoided. An editor confronted with a decision to employ such methods should meet the following conditions: * Public importance. The expected news story should be of such public interest that its news value clearly outweighs the damage to trust and credibility that might result from the use of deception. * Alternatives. The story cannot reasonably be recast to avoid the need to misrepresent. * Last resort. All other means of getting the story must have been exhausted. * Disclosure. The deceptive practices and the reasons why they were used should be disclosed on print at the time the story is published. Advisory: No code of ethics can prejudge every situation. Common sense and good judgment are required in applying ethical principles to newspaper realities. Individual newspapers are encouraged to augment these guidelines with locally produced codes that apply more specifically to their own situations.